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Caste violence, PoA Act implementation and failure, courts, police, custodial deaths.
India's own crime-data tables show conviction rates for caste-atrocity cases barely moving in years — the real bottleneck sits far past the police station, in a court system that decides only a sliver of a fast-growing backlog.
A Dalit Catholic man's three-day wait for a grave shows what happens when courts can declare equality but cannot deliver it. A problem hardly confined to India.
A new five-year review shows recorded caste crimes in India rising steadily. The harder question is what a rising number measures, and the answer determines what should be fixed.
Ten years after the Una flogging, five men were convicted under India's atrocity law — and walked free anyway, on sentencing arithmetic. Twenty years after Khairlanji, courts never invoked the law at all. Two different failures, the same outcome.
A 26-year-old was granted bail on condition he clean the police station that had detained him. The Supreme Court called it obnoxious and void — but seven other Odisha bail orders had done the same thing, almost all to Dalit and Adivasi defendants.
A decade after Rohith Vemula's death, Telangana has formed a sub-committee to draft a law bearing his name. A sub-committee is not a law — but it is a date and an official the state can now be held to.